Legislative Activity

The Maximum Pressure Act dramatically tightens and expands U.S. sanctions against Iran across its military, missile, and economic sectors, codifying existing restrictions and severely limiting the President's authority to grant sanctions relief. It mandates immediate sanctions on top Iranian officials and increases penalties for international parties aiding Iran's weapons programs. Furthermore, the bill enhances oversight by requiring numerous detailed reports to Congress regarding Iran's terrorism financing, nuclear timeline, and economic influence, while also redirecting certain frozen Iranian funds to victims of state-sponsored terrorism.

The Free Speech Fairness Act amends tax law to allow 501(c)(3) organizations to make political campaign statements without jeopardizing their tax-exempt status. This protection applies only if the statement is made as part of the organization's ordinary course of activities and incurs only a de minimis (trivial) cost. This ensures non-profits can speak on political matters related to their mission without penalty, provided spending remains minimal.

The SHORT Act aims to reform federal firearms regulations by redefining what constitutes a "firearm" for tax purposes, largely excluding antique or collector's items. It eliminates disparate federal treatment for short-barreled rifles and shotguns used lawfully and preempts state and local governments from imposing special taxes or registration requirements on these specific weapons. Furthermore, the bill mandates the destruction of certain existing federal registration and transfer records related to defined firearms.

The Revitalizing Downtowns and Main Streets Act establishes a new 20% federal tax credit for converting eligible, older commercial buildings into affordable housing. This incentive aims to increase housing supply by requiring that at least 20% of the converted units remain rent-restricted for low-income residents for 30 years. State agencies will allocate these credits, which are subject to a national cap of $12 billion, based on approved plans prioritizing financially necessary projects.

The SHARE Act of 2025 establishes new federal requirements for the FBI to share criminal history record information with states participating in professional licensing interstate compacts. This information sharing is strictly for the purpose of conducting background checks on applicants seeking to practice a profession in another compact state. States receiving this data are severely restricted on how they can use or further disseminate the detailed criminal history, generally only being permitted to report a binary "satisfactory" or "unsatisfactory" determination back to the compact's Commission.

The Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2025 establishes a national standard for carrying concealed handguns across state lines. This act allows individuals legally permitted to carry in their home state to carry concealed in any other state that allows its residents to carry concealed firearms. The law does not override private property restrictions or prohibitions on government property, but it provides protections and legal recourse for those traveling in compliance with the new federal standard.

The Tipped Employee Protection Act updates the definition of a "tipped employee" under federal law. It mandates that an employee's total earnings—including tips and cash wages—must meet the federal minimum wage over a flexible calculation period. This period can now range from as short as one day up to a full month.

The Law-Enforcement Innovate to De-Escalate Act of 2025 exempts specific, clearly defined less-than-lethal projectile devices from standard federal firearm restrictions under Title 18 of the U.S. Code. This exemption applies only to devices incapable of firing standard ammunition and designed to minimize the risk of serious injury or death. The bill also establishes a process for manufacturers to seek official confirmation from the Attorney General regarding a device's classification.

The Major Richard Star Act ensures that military retirees with combat-related disabilities can receive both their military retirement pay and VA disability compensation concurrently without reduction. This law removes previous restrictions that caused military retirement pay to be offset by VA disability payments for these specific cases. The changes take effect on the first day of the month following the Act's enactment.

The POWER Act restricts the Secretary of the Army from breaching federally operated dams if doing so negatively impacts carbon emissions, navigation, product prices, or land use acreage. Furthermore, the bill prohibits the retirement of federally owned hydropower sources if it significantly increases electricity rates or decreases energy reliability in several Western states. Any retired generation source must have its baseload power replaced within 30 days.

The Resident Education Deferred Interest (REDI) Act amends federal student loan regulations to provide a specific deferment for medical and dental residents. This allows borrowers currently serving in an internship or residency program to pause principal payments and prevent interest accrual on their student loans during that training period.

This bill, the Donut Dollies Congressional Gold Medal Act, directs the striking of a Congressional Gold Medal to honor the American Red Cross volunteers who served in the Supplemental Recreation Activities Overseas (SRAO) program during the Vietnam War. These volunteers, known as "Donut Dollies," provided crucial morale support to troops on the front lines. The original medal will be presented on behalf of Congress and ultimately housed at the Smithsonian Institution, with provisions made for selling bronze duplicates.

This bill, the Generating Retirement Ownership through Long-Term Holding Act, allows individual investors to defer paying taxes on capital gain dividends from mutual funds if those dividends are automatically reinvested into more fund shares. Taxes on these deferred gains are only due when the investor sells the shares or upon death. This provision aims to encourage long-term investment in mutual funds by providing immediate tax relief on reinvested earnings.

The Credit for Caring Act of 2025 establishes a new, non-refundable federal income tax credit for working family caregivers who incur significant expenses caring for a relative with long-term care needs. Eligible caregivers can claim a credit equal to 30% of qualified expenses exceeding \$2,000, up to a maximum annual credit of \$5,000. The bill specifies detailed requirements for the care recipient's needs, the types of allowable expenses, and includes income phase-out limits for claiming the benefit.

The Defending our Dams Act prohibits the use of federal funds for any study, action, or support related to breaching, changing the function of, or removing the four Lower Snake River dams. This legislation also restricts special water spillage operations at these dams without dual approval from the Secretary of the Army and the Bonneville Power Administration Administrator. The Act specifically targets the Ice Harbor, Lower Monumental, Little Goose, and Lower Granite Dams.

This bill allows the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to grant an extension of up to six additional years for certain hydropower projects licensed before March 13, 2020, to commence construction. Licensees must apply for this extension, which will be granted in up to three consecutive two-year periods. Furthermore, the legislation provides a mechanism for FERC to reinstate licenses whose construction deadlines expired after December 31, 2023.

The VOTE Act, or Voting Only Through English Act, restricts federal election funding for any state that provides ballots in languages other than English for federal elections. This bill eliminates existing federal requirements that mandate bilingual ballots or assistance in certain jurisdictions. Consequently, states choosing to offer multilingual ballots risk losing federal election administration funds for the entire fiscal year.

The Protect Our Probationary Employees Act resets the probationary period for certain federal employees who were involuntarily separated between January 20, 2025, and January 20, 2029. If these employees are rehired into a similar role at the same agency, their new probationary period will be reduced by the time they already served previously. This provision is temporary and will expire on January 20, 2029.

The Iran Sanctions Relief Review Act of 2025 establishes a mandatory Congressional review process for any Presidential action that significantly alters or terminates sanctions against Iran. Before implementing such changes, the President must submit a detailed report to Congress, which then has 30 to 60 days to review the proposed action. During this review period, the President is prohibited from taking the action unless Congress passes a joint resolution of approval. If Congress passes a joint resolution of disapproval, the President is permanently barred from taking that specific action.

This bill censures Representative Al Green of Texas for disrupting the President's address to Congress on March 4, 2025. It condemns his actions and orders him to appear before the House of Representatives to receive a formal reprimand. During this time the Speaker of the House will publicly read the resolution of censure.