Legislation

The DOGE BROS Act significantly increases the financial penalties for various federal offenses related to the misuse and unauthorized disclosure of sensitive government data. This bill raises maximum fines for misusing personal records, hacking government computers, and improperly sharing information held by the SSA, HHS, the IRS, and the Census Bureau. The overall goal is to bolster safeguards and increase accountability for protecting government electronic data.

The Expedited Removal Expansion Act of 2025 significantly expands the Secretary of Homeland Security's discretionary authority to apply expedited removal procedures to more inadmissible aliens. This bill updates inspection rules and raises the standard of evidence required for certain determinations from "a significant possibility" to "clear and convincing evidence." The legislation centralizes decision-making power with the Secretary and streamlines references within the Immigration and Nationality Act.

The Promoting Access to Diabetic Shoes Act expands who can certify the medical necessity for Medicare coverage of diabetic shoes. This bill allows nurse practitioners and physician assistants to sign the required documentation, in addition to physicians. This change aims to improve access to necessary footwear for individuals with diabetes.

The Timely and Accurate Benefits Act mandates that states implement an "Enhanced Income Identification and Verification Platform" within one year to continue receiving federal funding for covered benefit programs. This platform requires states to use comprehensive, real-time data matching to verify "enhanced gross income" from all sources, including bank transactions (with claimant permission). The goal is to ensure accurate eligibility and benefit levels for federal assistance programs.

The SAFE FOOD Act of 2025 mandates a comprehensive study on consolidating federal food safety agencies into a single entity. The Secretary of Agriculture is responsible for initiating this study within 60 days of enactment. A final report, including recommendations on whether to proceed with consolidation, must be submitted to Congress within one year.

The Supreme Court Ethics, Recusal, and Transparency Act of 2025 establishes a formal, publicly accessible code of conduct for Supreme Court Justices and creates a judicial investigation panel to handle related ethics complaints. The bill also mandates stricter disclosure requirements for gifts and income received by Justices, and significantly expands the circumstances under which a federal judge must recuse themselves due to financial ties or lobbying influence. Finally, it institutes new disclosure rules for parties and *amici curiae* in cases before the Court, alongside studies to monitor judicial compliance.

The CARGO Act of 2025 prohibits the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from awarding funding or support for any research activity that uses live animals if that research is conducted outside of the United States. This measure is intended to address concerns regarding the lack of oversight and potential mistreatment of animals in foreign research labs funded by U.S. taxpayers. The bill effectively bans NIH grants for overseas animal testing, requiring all such research to occur within U.S. borders.

The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act of 2025 establishes a system for the Secretary of Health and Human Services to review brand-name drugs priced excessively high compared to international benchmarks or other factors. If a price is deemed excessive, the bill immediately cancels the manufacturer's government-granted monopolies, allowing generic and biosimilar competition to begin quickly. The Act also mandates comprehensive annual reporting from manufacturers on pricing, R&D, and marketing costs, which will be made public via a new database.

The Protecting Older Workers Against Discrimination Act standardizes the burden of proof in employment discrimination cases across several major federal laws, including those covering age, race, sex, and disability. This bill makes it easier for plaintiffs to prove discrimination by establishing that a protected characteristic was a "motivating factor" in an adverse employment decision, even if other legal reasons existed. The new standards apply immediately to all pending claims upon enactment.

The Housing Acquisitions Review and Transparency (HART) Act amends antitrust reporting requirements to treat aggregated purchases of residential property within a calendar year as a single transaction. This mandates antitrust premerger notification filings when cumulative acquisitions meet certain thresholds. The Act also narrows existing exemptions, generally requiring reporting for investment or rental property purchases unless they are strictly for personal use. The FTC and DOJ are tasked with updating regulations and creating new reporting forms to implement these changes.

The Presidential Airlift Security Act of 2025 prohibits the Department of Defense from using funds in fiscal years 2025 and 2026 to procure, modify, or maintain foreign-owned aircraft for presidential airlift purposes. This measure restricts the use of the defense budget for acquiring or servicing used foreign planes considered for presidential transport during this period.

The Business Owners Protection Act of 2025 terminates specific, unused regulatory authorities granted to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Dodd-Frank Act. If the SEC failed to initiate rulemaking for these discretionary powers by January 1, 2025, those authorities automatically expire upon the enactment of this Act. The SEC is required to publicly report to Congress on all terminated authorities within 180 days.

The Training and Nutrition Stability Act of 2025 ensures that income received from specific job training, educational, and vocational rehabilitation programs will not count against an individual's eligibility for federal food assistance. This change aims to encourage participation in workforce development activities without jeopardizing necessary nutritional support. The bill also includes minor technical updates to existing law to accommodate this new exclusion.

The Connecticut River Watershed Partnership Act establishes a new, non-regulatory program to coordinate restoration and protection efforts across the five-state watershed. This initiative will develop a comprehensive strategy and support it through a competitive, voluntary grant program to fund projects benefiting ecology, water quality, and climate resilience. The law specifically mandates outreach to environmental justice communities and requires annual reporting to Congress on funded projects. Funding is authorized through fiscal year 2030, with at least 75% of appropriations dedicated to the grant program.

The Rural Health Sustainability Act of 2025 updates the criteria for hospitals seeking the Rural Emergency Hospital designation under Medicare. This bill retroactively adjusts the eligibility review date to January 1, 2014, and adds a new pathway for designation based on certification by the Office of Rural Health Policy. This aims to broaden access to this critical designation for eligible rural facilities.

The State Border Security Assistance Act establishes two new federal grant funds to support state and local efforts regarding immigration enforcement. The first fund provides resources for physical border barriers, surveillance technology, and relocation costs along the southern border. The second fund is dedicated to assisting states with the costs of arresting, prosecuting, and detaining undocumented individuals, particularly those who have committed crimes. Both programs are authorized through 2029, with remaining funds returning to the Treasury.

The Quantum Leadership in Emerging Applications and Policy Act of 2025 establishes the Commission on American Quantum Information Science and Technology Dominance. This independent body is tasked with reviewing the nation's standing in quantum science and technology to ensure U.S. national and economic security. The Commission will analyze global competition, investment strategies, workforce needs, and commercialization barriers before delivering comprehensive recommendations to Congress and the President.

The Truth in Tariffs Act mandates that businesses clearly disclose to consumers the exact amount of a product's price attributed to specific, Presidentially-imposed tariffs enacted after January 20, 2025. This cost must be explicitly labeled as a "tariff surcharge" on the final price. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is tasked with enforcing this requirement, treating violations as unfair or deceptive business practices. Small businesses, as defined by the Small Business Act, are exempt from this disclosure rule.

The Civilian Conservation Center Enhancement Act of 2025 aims to revitalize Civilian Conservation Centers (CCCs) as residential training facilities for underserved youth. This legislation mandates the creation of specialized training programs, particularly in areas like wildland firefighting, to support the needs of the Department of the Interior and Agriculture. Furthermore, the bill establishes hiring goals and provides enhanced hiring authorities to ensure covered graduates secure employment in federal conservation and firefighting roles. It also includes provisions for improving agency housing stock using student labor.

The Regulatory Accountability Act fundamentally overhauls federal rulemaking procedures to increase transparency, require rigorous cost-benefit analysis for major rules, and mandate public access to supporting data. It establishes new definitions for agency guidance and significantly structures public comment periods, including special provisions for major economic rules. Furthermore, the Act limits judicial review of certain agency decisions and institutes a mandatory post-promulgation review framework for major regulations.