PolicyBrief
H.RES. 395
119th CongressMay 7th 2025
Establishing a "Bill of Rights" to support United States law enforcement personnel nationwide in their work to protect our communities.
IN COMMITTEE

This resolution establishes a "Bill of Rights" to support U.S. law enforcement personnel by outlining specific due process protections during investigations and strongly opposing efforts to defund the police.

Andrew Garbarino
R

Andrew Garbarino

Representative

NY-2

LEGISLATION

Proposed Police 'Bill of Rights' Grants Officers Immunity From Discipline for Silence During Misconduct Investigations

This resolution is essentially a national statement strongly supporting law enforcement and explicitly condemning any efforts to defund or abolish police departments. But the real meat of the bill—and the part that hits the street—is the detailed set of procedural rights it establishes for officers when they are being investigated for alleged misconduct.

The Fine Print on Officer Investigations

Think of this as a due process checklist for officers under scrutiny. When an internal affairs investigation kicks off, the officer gains several specific protections. For instance, before any interview, they must be told the exact nature of the complaint and enough detail to understand the allegations. They also get the right to have their lawyer and a union representative present during any questioning. This is meant to ensure fairness, protecting officers from being blindsided or pressured in an interrogation room. The resolution also states that officers cannot be threatened with departmental action or criminal charges to coerce a statement, nor can they be offered rewards for talking.

Accountability vs. The Right to Remain Silent

Here’s where things get complicated for accountability. A core provision states that an officer cannot be disciplined administratively—that is, fired, suspended, or demoted—simply for choosing to remain silent and exercising their Fifth Amendment rights. The only way the department can compel them to talk is if they are first granted immunity, meaning their statements cannot be used against them in a criminal case. This is a huge deal because internal affairs investigations often rely on an officer’s compelled testimony to determine administrative discipline, even if that testimony can’t be used in court. This resolution essentially blocks the department’s ability to fire an officer who refuses to cooperate with an internal investigation, unless the department is willing to grant them criminal immunity. For the public, this means that investigations into police misconduct could hit a wall if the officer decides to clam up, potentially shielding them from administrative consequences.

What This Means for Community Oversight

This resolution encourages states nationwide to adopt similar measures, standardizing these protections across the country. While it also promotes community dialogue with police departments to improve public safety, the procedural protections could unintentionally slow down or complicate the very accountability mechanisms that build community trust. For example, if you file a complaint about an officer's conduct, the investigative body responsible for following up might find its hands tied if the officer refuses to speak and the department is unwilling to grant immunity—leading to a finding that the complaint could not be substantiated. This shift places a significant procedural burden on internal affairs and external oversight bodies, potentially leading to less transparent and slower outcomes for citizens seeking accountability.